14. Images including tables, figures, graphs, maps, charts and datasets

In this chapter:  
Fair dealing (copyrighted) Image (figure/table) you created yourself
Reproducing with permission Personal photograph
Creative Commons (CC) licence Online photograph
Presentation slides
  • When referencing an image, treat it as you would a direct quote and include the page number/s. If you are mentioning an image but not reproducing or adapting it in your paper, follow the referencing guidelines for the type of source the image is displayed in.
  • If you are reproducing or adapting an image, you have the right to use copyrighted material in assignments, theses and other coursework, under the Fair Dealing provision of the Copyright Act. Fair Dealing allows you to copy ‘reasonable portions’ of material for research, study, criticism or review.
  • If you wish to use more than a reasonable portion of a copyrighted work, you must obtain written permission from the copyright owner.
  • Reproduced or adapted images must be accompanied by a copyright statement. The statement will vary slightly dependent on the type of source, but in general, the information should appear in the following order
    • Title, author, year of publication, source, year or copyright, name of copyright holder (permission statement if necessary).
  • Include a reference list entry for the source of the image.
  • If you are unable to determine whether an image is copyrighted, assume that it is.
  • In the text of your assignment, refer to tables and figures by their number (e.g. As shown in Table 7, the confidence limits…). Images are numbered in the order in which they are first mentioned in text.
  • Images are numbered with the word ‘Table’ or ‘Figure’, followed by the table or figure number (in bold type and set flush left). The table or figure title is presented in italics and title case one double spaced line under the Table/Figure number.
  • For Researchers who have questions about reproducing or adapting images or tables for inclusion in publications, please contact your Research Librarian at ResearchSupportTeam@usq.edu.au
1. FAIR DEALING (COPYRIGHTED)

a) Book

b) Journal article

c) Website

         d) Clip Art or Stock Image – no attribution required

  • The medium or format can be entered after the title (before the full stop) in square brackets (for an example, see ‘Presentation Slides’ below).
  • Place the copyright statement:
    • at the end of the table note if the image is a table
    • at the end of the figure caption if the image is a figure
    • at the bottom of a slide in a PowerPoint presentation
In-text

a) From [or Adapted from/Data in column 1 are from] Title of Book (Edition or Volume, p. Page Number), by Author Initial. Surname, Year, Publisher (DOI or URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder First Name Surname.

b) From [or Adapted from/Data in column 1 are from] “Title of Article,” by Author Initial. Surname, Year, Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), p. Page Number (DOI or URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder First Name Surname.

c) From [or Adapted from/Data in column 1 are from] Title of Web Page, by Author Initial. Surname, Year, Website Name (DOI or URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder First Name Surname.

         d) No attribution required.

Examples:

a) From Research Basics: Design to Data Analysis in 6 Steps (p. 69), by J. V. Spickard, 2017, SAGE (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/research-basics/book244998). Copyright 2017 by SAGE Publications.

b) From “Beyond the ANZAC Spirit: Commemorating Civilian Experience of War,” by A. Atkinson-Phillips, 2018, Studies in Western Australian History, 32, p. 142. Copyright 2018 by Alison Atkinson-Phillips.

c) From Meticulous Style Guides Every Startup Should See Before Launching, by M. Stribley, n.d.,   Canva (https://www.canva.com/learn/50-meticulous-style-guides-every-startup-see-launching/). Copyright 2015 by Amanda Michiru.
Reference

Reference as usual for the source type where the image was taken.

Examples:

a) Spickard, J. V. (2017). Research basics: Design to data analysis in 6 steps. SAGE.

b) Atkinson-Phillips, A. (2018). Beyond the ANZAC spirit: Commemorating civilian experience of war. Studies in Western Australian History, 32, 135-147.

c) Stribley, M. (n.d.). 50 meticulous style guides every startup should see before launching. Canva. https://www.canva.com/learn/50-meticulous-style-guides-every-startup-see-launching/

         d) No reference required.
2. REPRODUCING WITH PERMISSION
  • Follow guidelines as above, but include a permission statement, and comply with any attribution request from the copyright holder.
  • Only include a permissions statement if permission was sought and granted.
In-text

From [or Adapted from/Data in column 1 are from] Title of Book (Edition or Volume, p. Page Number), by Author Initial. Surname, Year, Publisher (DOI or URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder First Name Surname. Reprinted/Adapted with permission.

Example:

From Research Basics: Design to Data Analysis in 6 Steps (p. 69), by J. V. Spickard, 2017, SAGE (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/research-basics/book244998). Copyright 2017 by SAGE Publications. Reprinted with permission.
Reference

Reference as usual for the source type where the image was taken.

Example:

Spickard, J. V. (2017) Research basics: Design to data analysis in 6 steps. SAGE.
3. CREATIVE COMMONS (CC) LICENCE
In-text
  • Follow guidelines as above for the appropriate source type, up to (not including) the Copyright statement. Instead of the Copyright statement, provide the Creative Commons license abbreviation.

Example:

From National Drug Strategy 2017-2026, by Commonwealth Department of Health, 2017 (https://beta.health.gov.au/resources/publications/national-drug-strategy-2017-2026). CC BY-4.0.
Reference

Example:

Commonwealth Department of Health. (2017). National drug strategy 2017-2016. https://beta.health.gov.au/resources/publications/national-drug-strategy-2017-2026
4. PRESENTATION SLIDES
In-text

(Author Surname/Organisation, Year)

Example:

Correct usage … (OWL at Purdue University, n.d.).
Reference

Author Surname/Organisation, Author Initial. (Year). Title [Slide format]. Publisher. URL

Example:

OWL at Purdue University. (n.d.). Conquering the comma [PowerPoint slides]. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/conquering_the_comma_presentation.html
5. IMAGE (FIGURE/TABLE) YOU CREATED YOURSELF
In-text
  • Your in-text citation consists of providing an accurate and detailed description of the image, usually in the form of a title.

Example:

Table 1

Differences Between Investor and Grower Perspectives
Reference
  • You do not need an entry in the reference list, but you must include detailed information with the image in-text.
6. PERSONAL PHOTOGRAPH
In-text

(Photographer Initial. Surname, personal photograph, Month Day, Year)

Example:

(M. A. Toby, personal photograph, May 2, 1987)
Reference
  • A personal photograph is a form of Personal Communication and does not require an entry in the Reference List.
7. ONLINE PHOTOGRAPH
In-text
  • Follow guidelines above if reproducing image.
  • Otherwise:

(Photographer Surname, Year)

Example:

The photograph depicts … (Schmidt, 1947).
Reference

Photographer Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title [Photograph]. Website where photo was retrieved. URL

Example:

Schmidt, K. (1947). Waterford Ferry after the 1947 floods [Photograph]. Logan City Council Libraries. https://logan.bibliocommons.com/item/show/492574098?active_tab=content_advisory

License

UniSQ APA 7 Referencing Guide Copyright © by University of Southern Queensland. All Rights Reserved.

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