| 1. INTERVIEW |
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Identify the type of source and follow guidelines for citing that type (e.g. if the interview was recorded and saved as a podcast, cite it as you would a podcast).
a) Transcript of recorded interview (recording not accessible) – use date transcript created.
b) Recorded and available in Archive
c) Personal – if non-recoverable for the reader, treat as a personal communication.
Add description such as ‘Interview by Interviewer Initial. Surname’ if information not included elsewhere.
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| In-text |
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(Interviewee Surname, Year)
Examples:
a) Schooling in the 30s … (Gammage, 1983).
b) Nicholas-Borg (1991) states …
c) O. Sorenson (personal communication, May 29, 2018) …
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| Reference |
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Interviewee Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title [Format]. Name of Collection/Series (Reference number). Name of Repository: Location.
Examples:
a) Gammage, H. (1983, July 27). Helen Gammage interviewed by Bill Gammage for the Australia 1938 oral history project [Interview transcript]. Australia 1938 Oral History Project (ORAL TRC 2404 Int. no. 1150). National Library of Australia: Canberra, Australia.
b) Nicholas-Borg, M. (1991, December 22). Manwel Nicholas-Borg interviewed by Barry York for the Maltese Australian folklife and social history project [Sound recording]. Maltese Australian Folklife and Social History Project (nla.obj-221370148). National Library of Australia, Canberra, Australia.
c) No entry
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| 2. PRESS RELEASE |
| In-text |
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(Surname, Year)
Example:
The plan provides … (Morrison & Hunt, 2019).
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| Reference |
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Author Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title [Press release]. Retrieved from URL.
Example:
Morrison, S., & Hunt, G. (2019, April 10). Boosting health services in Tasmania [Press Release]. Retrieved from https://www.pm.gov.au/media/boosting-health-services-tasmania
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| 3. SPEECH |
- For a speech you attended, with no available recording/transcript, reference as a personal communication. Otherwise, determine the source type you are referring to and follow guidelines for referencing the source.
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| In-text |
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(Author Surname, Year)
Example:
The Prime Minister stated … (Morrison, 2019).
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| Reference |
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Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of work where speech is from. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example:
Morrison, S. (2019, February 14). Statement to the House of Representatives: Closing the gap 2019. Retrieved from https://www.pm.gov.au/media/statement-house-representatives-closing-gap-2019
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| 4. MANUSCRIPTS |
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a) Unpublished manuscript
b) Manuscript in an archive/repository
c) Advance Online Publication – provide the DOI or the URL of the journal homepage.
Follow up on these if practical to ensure you are referring to the most current version, possibly the final publication.
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| In-text |
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(Author Surname, Year)
Example:
a) Sports equipment was found … (Geisel, n.d.).
b) As discussed in Nicholas-Borg (1969) …
c) Studies show … (Diecklemann, Buchel, Born, & Rasch, 2011).
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| Reference |
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Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title. Unpublished manuscript / Manuscript submitted for publication / Manuscript in preparation / Advance online publication. Location information.
Example:
a) Geisel, T. S. (n.d.). All sorts of sports. Unpublished manuscript.
b) Nicholas-Borg, M. (1969). Papers of Manwel Nicholas-Borg, 1969-1991 (MS 8348) [Manuscript]. National Library of Australia, Canberra, Australia.
c) Diecklemann, S., Buchel, C., Born, J., & Rasch, B. (2011). Labile or stable: Opposing consequences for memory when reactivated during waking and sleep. Nature Neuroscience. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1038/nn.2744
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| 5. YOUR OWN PREVIOUS ASSIGNMENT |
| In-text |
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(Your Surname, Year)
Example:
Smith (2018) states that …
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| Reference |
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Your Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of assignment. Unpublished manuscript, COURSE CODE: Name of Course, Name of University, Location.
Example:
Smith, J. (2018). Assignment 1. Unpublished manuscript, MGT1000: Organisational behaviour and management, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia.
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| 6. REALIA |
- Follow guidelines for books, but use appropriate format in square brackets.
- For unknown author, a shortened title can be used in-text.
a) Game
b) Flashcard
c) Realia
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| In-text |
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(Author Surname, Year)
OR
(“Title,” Year)
Examples:
a) Activities such as … (“Fractions are as easy,” 1985).
b) … (“Zupelz – orange,” n.d.).
c) Hands-on activities … (“Measuring cylinders,” n.d.).
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| Reference |
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Author Surname/Organisation, Initial. (Year). Title [Format]. Production Location: Producer.
OR
Title [Format]. (Year). Production Location: Producer.
Examples:
a) Fractions are as easy as pie: A game of common fractions [Game]. (1985). Baltimore, MD: Media materials.
b) Zupelz – orange: Stimulating logical thinking; One puzzle at a time [Flashcard]. (n.d.). Narangba, Australia: Origo Education.
c) Measuring cylinders [Realia]. (n.d.). England: Gradplex.
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| 7. BIRTH, DEATH AND MARRIAGE CERTIFICATES |
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a) Obtained from the holding Repository directly
b) Obtained from a subscription database
- Description of source should be as accurate as possible so that the reader may locate the same copy you are citing.
- Common examples for ‘description of source’ include:
- certified copy
- digital download
- digitised copy
- index
- user-generated tree
- database entry
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| In-text |
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Example:
a) James was born in Mulgrave (“James Allister,” 1866).
b) They married in 1877 … (“Owen Johnson and Elizabeth Raymen,” 1877).
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| Reference |
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“Person’s Full Name”. (Year of event). Birth/Death/Marriage certificate of person’s Full Name/s, Month Day Year of event (Reference number, Location of Register if different from Location of your source) [Description of source]. Location Information of source.
Examples:
a) “James Allister”. (1866). Birth certificate of James Allister, January 27 1866 (Registration no. 16901/1866) [Digital download]. Available from https://my.rio.bdm.vic.gov.au/efamily-history/5e12f7e75dd90523336dac5f/results?q=efamily
b) “Owen Johnson and Elizabeth Raymen”. (1877). Marriage certificate of Owen Johnson and Elizabeth Raymen, February 11 1877 (p78/jn1/085, London Metropolitan Archives) [Index]. Available from https://www.ancestry.com/
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| 8. ARTWORK |
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a) In gallery
b) In exhibition
- Descriptive information such as the dimensions or composition of an artwork are not required in the reference list entry. Similarly, exhibition details (e.g. name, date and location) are not required in the reference list entry.
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| In-text |
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(Artist Surname, Year)
Example:
a) In The Cypriot (Dobel, 1940) …
b) Time (Andrew, 2012) is an example …
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| Reference |
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a) Artist Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of artwork [Description]. Location: Name of Gallery.
b) Artist Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of artwork [Description]. Location: Name of Gallery.
Example:
a) Dobel, W. (1940). The Cypriot [oil on canvas]. Brisbane: Queensland Art Gallery.
b) Andrew, B. (2012). Time [Mixed media print]. South Brisbane: Queensland Art Gallery and Gallery of Modern Art.
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