14. Images including tables, figures, graphs, maps, charts and datasets

In this chapter:  
Fair dealing (copyrighted) Image (figure/table) you created yourself
Reproducing with permission Personal photograph
Creative Commons (CC) licence Photographs held in an archive, repository or personal collection
Presentation slides
  • When referencing an image, treat it as you would a direct quote and include the page number/s. If you are mentioning an image but not reproducing or adapting it in your paper, follow the referencing guidelines for the type of source the image is displayed in.
  • If you are reproducing or adapting an image, you have the right to use copyrighted material in assignments, theses and other coursework, under the Fair Dealing provision of the Copyright Act. Fair Dealing allows you to copy ‘reasonable portions’ of material for research, study, criticism or review.
  • If you wish to use more than a reasonable portion of a copyrighted work, you must obtain written permission from the copyright owner.
  • The in-text citation for reproduced or adapted images is in the form of a copyright statement. The statement will vary slightly dependent on the type of source, but in general, the information should appear in the following order
    • Title, author, year of publication, source, year or copyright, name of copyright holder (permission statement if necessary).
  • If you are unable to determine whether an image is copyrighted, assume that it is.
  • Images should be numbered in the order in which they are first mentioned in text. The title follows the number (e.g. Table 7. Confidence Intervals With Upper and Lower Limits). In the text of your assignment, refer to tables and figures by their number (e.g. As shown in Table 7, the confidence limits…).
  • For Researchers who have questions about reproducing or adapting images or tables for inclusion in publications, please contact your Research Librarian at ResearchSupportTeam@usq.edu.au
1. FAIR DEALING (COPYRIGHTED)

a) Book

b) Journal article

c) Website

  • The medium or format can be entered after the title (before the full stop) in square brackets (for an example, see ‘Presentation Slides’ below).
  • Place the copyright statement:
    • at the end of the table note if the image is a table
    • at the end of the figure caption if the image is a figure
    • at the bottom of a slide in a PowerPoint presentation
In-text

a) From [or Adapted from/Data in column 1 are from] Title of Book (Edition or Volume, p. Page Number), by Author Initial. Surname, Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright Year by Copyright Holder First Name Surname.

b) From [or Adapted from/Data in column 1 are from] “Title of Article,” by Author Initial. Surname, Year, Title of Journal, Volume, p. Page Number. Copyright Year by Copyright Holder First Name Surname.

c) From [or Adapted from/Data in column 1 are from] “Title of Web Page,” by Author Initial. Surname, Year (URL). Copyright Year by Copyright Holder First Name Surname.

Examples:

a) From Research Basics: Design to Data Analysis in 6 Steps (p. 69), by J. V. Spickard, 2017, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Copyright 2017 by SAGE Publications.

b) From “Beyond the ANZAC spirit: Commemorating civilian experience of war,” by A. Atkinson-Phillips, 2018, Studies in Western Australian History, 32, p. 142. Copyright 2018 by Alison Atkinson-Phillips.

c) From “50 Meticulous Style Guides Every Startup Should See Before Launching,” by M. Stribley, n.d. (https://www.canva.com/learn/50-meticulous-style-guides-every-startup-see-launching/). Copyright 2015 by Amanda Michiru.

Reference

Reference as usual for the source type where the image was taken.

Examples:

a) Spickard, J. V. (2017). Research basics: Design to data analysis in 6 steps. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

b) Atkinson-Phillips, A. (2018). Beyond the ANZAC spirit: Commemorating civilian experience of war. Studies in Western Australian History, 32, 135-147. Retrieved from https://www.cwah.uwa.edu.au/publications/journal

c) Stribley, M. (n.d.). 50 meticulous style guides every startup should see before launching. Retrieved from https://www.canva.com/learn/50-meticulous-style-guides-every-startup-see-launching/

2. REPRODUCING WITH PERMISSION
  • Follow guidelines as above, but include a permission statement, and comply with any attribution request from the copyright holder.
  • Only include a permissions statement if permission was sought and granted.
In-text

From [or Adapted from/Data in column 1 are from] Title of Book (Edition or Volume, p. Page Number), by Author Initial. Surname, Year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Copyright Year by Copyright Holder First Name Surname. Reprinted with permission.

Example:

From Research Basics: Design to Data Analysis in 6 Steps (p. 69), by J. V. Spickard, 2017, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Copyright 2017 by SAGE Publications. Reprinted with permission.

Reference

Reference as usual for the source type where the image was taken.

Example:

Spickard, J. V. (2017). Research basics: Design to data analysis in 6 steps. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

3. CREATIVE COMMONS (CC) LICENCE
In-text
  • Follow guidelines as above for the appropriate source type, up to (not including) the Copyright statement. Instead of the Copyright statement, provide the Creative Commons license abbreviation.

Example:

From “National Drug Strategy 2017-2026,” by Commonwealth Department of Health, 2017 (https://beta.health.gov.au/resources/publications/national-drug-strategy-2017-2026). CC BY-4.0.

Reference

Example:

Commonwealth Department of Health. (2017). National drug strategy 2017-2026. Retrieved from https://beta.health.gov.au/resources/publications/national-drug-strategy-2017-2026

4. PRESENTATION SLIDES
In-text

(Author Surname/Organisation, Year)

Example:

Correct usage … (OWL at Purdue University, n.d.).

Reference

Author Surname/Organisation, Author Initial. (Year). Title [Slide format]. Retrieved from URL

Example:

OWL at Purdue University. (n.d.). Conquering the comma [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/punctuation/conquering_the_comma_presentation.html

5. IMAGE (FIGURE/TABLE) YOU CREATED YOURSELF
In-text
  • Your in-text citation consists of providing an accurate and detailed description of the image, usually in the form of a title.

Example:

Table 1: Differences between Investor and Grower Perspectives

Reference
  • You do not need an entry in the reference list, but you must include detailed information with the image in-text.
6. PERSONAL PHOTOGRAPH
In-text

(Photographer Initial. Surname, personal photograph, Month Day, Year)

Example:

… (M. A. Toby, personal photograph, May 2, 1987).

Reference
  • A personal photograph is a form of Personal Communication and does not require an entry in the Reference List.
7. PHOTOGRAPHS HELD IN AN ARCHIVE, REPOSITORY OR PERSONAL COLLECTION
In-text
  • Follow guidelines above if reproducing image.
  • Otherwise:

(Photographer Surname, Year)

Example:

The photograph depicts … (Schmidt, 1947).

Reference

Photographer Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title [Photograph]. Name of Collection Photograph Held In (Catalogue Number if available). Location Information.

Example:

Schmidt, K. (1947). Waterford Ferry after the 1947 floods [Photograph]. Images from the Logan City Council Libraries (File 000/000271). Logan City Council Library, Queensland, Australia.

License

USQ APA 6 Referencing Guide Copyright © by University of Southern Queensland. All Rights Reserved.

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