Figure 24.1 Failure can become a pathway for future achievement. Image by Allan Mas used under CC0 licence.

INTRODUCTION

Students experience many ups and downs while at university. Successes are exciting and energising, however finding a way to deal with failures can be a challenge. Failing is a common student experience that, with the right approach, can become a pathway to future triumphs. This chapter aims to help students understand an experience of failing assessment and plan for positive change. As strange as it may sound, failing can be a powerful enabler of success.

The chapter begins by explaining why assessment is a necessary part of tertiary study. Next, it examines students’ common reactions to failing, and highlights important actions you may need to take immediately. The chapter then outlines a three-step process for identifying the cause of the failure and for building an action plan for future success. It also discusses how to approach lecturers and tutors respectfully to discuss your grade. The chapter concludes with a recommendation to review your life goals to ensure you are on a path to success.

WHY DO WE HAVE ASSESSMENT AT UNIVERSITY?

The purpose of assessment at university is to check whether a student is meeting the course objectives (or goals). In other words, it is a way to collect proof that you have the knowledge and skills that were taught. For students, assessment can feel like jumping over hurdles. The university will only award your qualification if your results reach set benchmarks.  Consequently, assessment is a necessary part of tertiary study; and where there is potential to pass, there is also potential to fail.

Failure at university can look like a lot of different things. Perhaps it is a little comment someone makes about one component of one small task or perhaps it is a failing mark for an entire course. The good news is that, whatever the size or nature of the failure, there are strategies that can turn this experience into something useful and positive, and put you back on the road to success. The journey begins when you first receive news of your results.

ACKNOWLEDGING YOUR FEELINGS

Finding out that you have failed something is often an uncomfortable experience.

Failing can evoke strong, unpleasant feelings and thoughts that may negatively affect your confidence, self-esteem, motivation and mood. You may feel angry, sad, disappointed, shocked, worried, distressed, anxious and many other things, and you can feel them all at the same time. It is normal to experience strong feelings, particularly when you invested a lot of time and effort in a task. It may be helpful to talk with a trusted friend or relative to vent and defuse some of those powerful emotions. Services offered by your university such as academic learning advisors, psychologists and other healthcare professionals can offer perspectives and support to help you to manage your thinking and feelings productively.

Those first few hours, or day, of dealing with the news can feel particularly intense. The discomfort is raw and fresh, and can consume your thinking. Sometimes people find it helpful to “stand back” to lessen the power of the feelings a little. Try to do something to give your body and mind a break from the stress. Perhaps you might enjoy some sport or exercise, watching a movie, eating some chocolate, catching up with friends, or playing a computer game. Spending this time on self-care buys critical time for your body and mind to return to a healthier state where they can function better. Taking this time may also stop you from acting out rashly when you are angry or sad, before you have considered which course of action will achieve the most helpful outcome. Most importantly, if you find that your negative thoughts and feelings continue to interfere with feeling okay, and with living your everyday life, then access healthcare workers for professional support as soon as possible.

The purpose of dealing with your feelings is not to eliminate them, but rather to find a place for them in your thinking where they do not stop you from moving towards a positive future. Acknowledging the power and influence of your feelings and finding an acceptable place in your world frees you to take actions that maximise the learning from an experience of failing. It’s all part of having the growth mindset discussed in the chapter Beginnings.

AN IMPORTANT ACTION

Dealing with your feelings can consume energy and focus, but there’s one important action to take in the first day or two of receiving the news of failure — check to see if there is anything that the university requires you to do as a consequence of failing that must be completed by a certain date. If you miss this important step, it may affect your academic future.

A required action could be a number of different things so look out for any notifications, emails, and instructions from your lecturer or university. For example, have you been told to re-sit an exam next month? Do you need to re-enrol in a compulsory training module next week? Are you required to meet with an academic integrity officer within eight weeks? Have you been asked to submit within a fortnight a “show cause” statement so you can continue studying at your university? Responding promptly and appropriately to time-sensitive instructions set by your university or lecturers can make a critical difference to your academic future. Be sure to make enquiries if you need clarification of what to do. Once you clearly understand and respond to any required actions and deadlines, you can slow down and take time to reflect on what happened.

IDENTIFYING WHY YOU FAILED

Once you have addressed any time-sensitive instructions and you are prepared emotionally to explore what happened, you can turn your attention to identifying why you failed. Pinpointing the cause, or causes, can help you figure out what to change in the future. Self-examination can be a personally confronting and uncomfortable experience. It’s human nature to defend our weaknesses and shift the blame for a failure to something or someone else. Unfortunately, at times our desire to protect our self-esteem and reputation reduces our willingness to admit objectively if we contributed to our failure. The trick here is to be able to tell when an external factor genuinely caused your failure and when it is your own mind being overprotective of you.

If you want to learn from what happened so you can change your results next time, there’s no benefit in misdiagnosing what went wrong. If you don’t admit to yourself truthfully why you failed, then you may try to change the wrong things. Even if you don’t wish to tell others why you failed, being honest with yourself is essential. It ensures that you change the things that really will make a difference to your progress.

3-STEP ACTION PLAN FOR FUTURE SUCCESS

The next part of this chapter is an activity for building your personal action plan to turn assessment failure into future success. The three-step process helps you to identify what happened and what to do about it. You will be creating a table for this activity.

Step 1: Identify the contributors

Begin by thinking about one specific assessment task or exam that you failed. The “Action Plan for Future Success” table shown below lists common factors that contribute to why students fail (See Table 24.1). You can print out this page or access a copy in the Appendix (See Appendix). Place a tick in the TICK column beside every factor that you think contributed to the result. Tick as many factors as you like. There are empty lines at the bottom of the table to add factors you think of that are not listed.

To help you complete the table, refer to any feedback you have receive about your performance to establish why you failed. As explained in the chapter Managing Assessment, written comments and a marking rubric can help you pinpoint where things went wrong. If you have trouble understanding the feedback, you can ask to meet with your lecturer or tutor, a learning advisor, or another academic staff member to help interpret it. The feedback may include what you did well too. Don’t forget to congratulate yourself on your successes. Sometimes we are so focussed on the negatives that we forget to be proud of our achievements.

Download a PDF of the Action Plan for Future Success here: Table 24.1.

Step 2: Review and amend

After you have completed the table, take some time to reflect on your responses. Ask yourself, “Were my answers completely realistic and honest, or did I try to protect myself by blaming something or someone else for why I failed?” You might like to ask another student, a close friend or a relative whether they think you have been objective about what happened. People who know you well may identify factors that you missed. After you’ve reflected on your responses, make any adjustments you need so your list is as accurate as possible. Remember, the more accurate your list, the more likely you’ll be fixing the right problem.

Step 3: Write an action

The third step is to identify and write in the table what action you can take in the future to produce a different result. There are three kinds of actions you can take. The first is an action where you feel confident that you can change something yourself. For example, if you lost marks on your assignment because you didn’t observe the word limit, you may feel sure that you can fix it. Then, your action could be to pay close attention to the word count on your next assignment.

The second kind of action is to seek help to change something. Perhaps you didn’t reference correctly in your essay but you don’t know how to improve your referencing. Then, your action is to find someone who can help you learn the skill of referencing, such as a university librarian. If you don’t know exactly who will be able to help you, you can write down the name of someone, like your lecturer, who can help you start your search for the right person. It may take a little effort, but if you follow the trail, you’ll be able to find who or what you need to help you succeed.

The third action is to investigate if there are any options, services, procedures or pathways that could make a difference to your past or future study success when something beyond your control stopped you from succeeding. For example, if you are concerned that you have not been graded fairly on your exam, your action may be to investigate the formal procedure for lodging a request for your work to be re-assessed. Alternatively, if you failed because you didn’t attend an exam due to illness, you can investigate if the university has a procedure for this situation. With a medical certificate, you may be able to apply to re-sit your exam without penalty.

To complete your plan, write an action beside each item you ticked in your table. If it is something you can change by yourself, then write down what you will do. If it is something you need help to change, then write down who you will approach. If it is something you need to explore further, then write down how you will begin your investigation. Use one of the three sentence stems provided in the column header to write your action sentence (e.g., “I can change this next time by”; “I can seek help to change this by”; or “I can investigate this situation further by”). Your table could look something like the extract below. (See Table 24.2).

PUTTING YOUR PLAN INTO ACTION

At the end of the process, you will have your action plan. Taking action can make you feel better about a failure because you’re already on the path to a better future. Put your plan in a prominent place to remind you to monitor it. You can also add it to a visible spot on your electronic device.

Some actions will be quick and easy to implement, while others will take longer and involve multiple steps. One way to stay on track is to make your behaviour accountable by telling someone else about your plan. Perhaps there is another student in your class, a mentor or a personal friend you can talk with periodically to discuss your progress. You can also put reminders into your calendar, phone or other electronic devices as check points to assess your commitment to change. A key element to making change happen is to stay self-aware. This means that you monitor what you want to be doing and compare it with what you are doing. If your strategies aren’t working, look for alternative approaches to try. You have already done the uncomfortable work to identify what went wrong. Now put in the effort to find ways to make the positive changes you need.

Universities are well equipped with people and resources to help students succeed. Whatever caused your failure, there is usually someone or something at university that can make a difference. After all, your university wants you to succeed too. Your priority is to take action and find the people and resources you need.

DID THE LECTURER GET IT WRONG?

It is possible you may have failed because a lecturer or tutor marked your work inaccurately or unfairly. Teachers do make errors when designing and marking assessment. Perhaps they miscalculated your final total grade. Maybe there was an ambiguous instruction on your exam paper or a contradiction in your assignment task that misdirected you. If you wish to investigate the possibility that their error produced your failing grade, make sure you approach them respectfully and in a calm manner. Communicate the facts of the situation clearly. Follow any formal procedures set out by your university. Be aware that if you ask for your assessment piece to be re-marked by another examiner, it is possible that the second examiner may score it lower than the first.

As a student, you have the right to question whether your marks are accurate, but before proceeding make sure you’re not doing it to protect your self-esteem by blaming something or someone else for what happened. Try to adopt an open, non-aggressive outlook so you can discuss any sensitive issues objectively. If you can see objective evidence that suggests something has gone wrong in how you were examined, then proceed with your investigation and enquiries, calmly and respectfully. Your university may have a student advocacy group who can assist you in this process to achieve the best outcome in a positive way.

REVIEWING YOUR GOALS

An experience of failure is an opportunity to review your life goals and priorities and double check that you are heading in the direction you really want to go. To do this, you can re-read the chapter Goals and Priorities to see if you’re still on the pathway you want. You can also make an appointment with a careers counsellor at your university to check your options.

Sometimes failing an assessment task can be a subconscious way of telling yourself that you’re not happy about something. You might be trying to tell yourself “actually, I don’t like nursing. I want to study engineering” or perhaps “I’m studying because I’m expected to. What I really want to do is travel right now, then study after that”. In circumstances like these, students can deliberately or unknowingly self-sabotage their assessment results. If you think this could be a factor, you could make an appointment with a counsellor or psychologist to help you explore your feelings and make decisions about the direction you wish to take. At other times, failure at university is caused not so much by a disinterest in study, but rather by a greater interest or prioritising of other things. For example, a student might think, “I want to keep my tennis coaching business growing. I’m going to reply to business emails today instead of studying for my exam”.

For some students, reviewing goals will affirm that you are heading in the right direction, and that you just need some assistance for a smoother journey. For others, reflecting may raise doubts about whether the subject, the degree, the university or even studying at all is the best thing for you to be doing at the moment.

Changing direction with your university study is a major decision with significant consequences for your time, finances and academic future. If you are considering withdrawing from study, be sure to seek advice from university support services so you are well-informed of consequences before acting. You may discover alternatives that are best matched with your life goals, such as switching degrees, changing from full-time to part-time study or putting your study on hold temporarily (called deferment). With a few changes, you might discover you are happy to continue studying after all.

A PATH TO SUCCESS

Failing an assessment task can feel like a catastrophe however it can be a valuable step towards achievement. In the big scheme of life, failing something at university is probably a smaller event than you think. Remember, you’ve had lots and lots of successes in your life too. No grade, however bad, defines who you are. It matters less that a failure happened, and more that you can use it to get where you want to go. A failure can be a positive opportunity to check your goals and tweak your methods for reaching them. It’s an opportunity to learn how to succeed, a motivation for change and a catalyst for growth. Approached with a growth mindset, failure may be just what you needed to put you on a path for academic success.